Student Activity Plan          Student Activity Title     Student Activity Information     Standards and Indicators     Objectives             Materials     Resources               Signature       Welcome to the Teachers’ Instructions area for this student activity. Here you’ll find directions and suggestions for using this activity along with the materials you need to evaluate your students’ work. Title: Patterns and Pascal Audience: Elementary Duration: 45-60 Minutes Subject Area(s):     Mathematics - Algebra Grade Level(s): 4 Teacher Directions: Background Information This activity is best utilized in a classroom environment in which the students have access to a computer and the Internet.  Students can view the Coloring Multiples in Pascal's Triangle Web site, interact with the activity, and access the accompanying worksheet through Thinkport.  If this environment is not available, the interactive activity can be viewed using a computer with a projection device.  Students will need copies of the worksheet if the activity is projected.  The first part of the lesson should be projected so that all students can see it in either situation.  If a projection device is unavailable, you may print out Fill in Pascal's Blanks worksheet and make an overhead. This activity is geared towards students in grade four.  Students do not need to have a strong understanding of patterns to complete this activity. The Coloring Multiples in Pascal's Triangle Web site allows students to recognize and continue a numerical pattern.  Once students have mastered this skill, students can move on to find more patterns within Pascal's Triangle.  To do this, there is another student activity called Multiples and Pascal located on the Thinkport Web site that will extend this concept into multiplication skills and patterns. Motivation Say to the students, "Red, Red, Yellow.... Red, Red, Yellow..... Red, Red..."  Ask students to finish the pattern and continue it.  Then share additional patterns like square, circle, diamond, square, circle, diamond...  Share several examples of different types of patterns.   Instruction Focus for Media Interaction Say to the students, "You are about to see a triangle pattern.  Sometimes patterns can go in different directions, not just from left to right.  See if you can detect the pattern." Viewing Activity Project the Coloring Multiples in Pascal's Triangle Web site and have the students see if they can detect the pattern.  After giving students time to find the pattern, ask students if they can share what they think the pattern is. Post Viewing Activity Discuss the patterns found. Focus for Media Interaction Say to students, “Let’s see if you can continue the pattern you discovered.”  Students are responsible for completing the pattern and checking their work. See Student Directions for steps in navigating the Coloring Multiples in Pascal's Triangle Web site. Viewing Activity While accessing the Coloring Multiples in Pascal's Triangle Web site, students will complete the Fill in Pascal's Blanks worksheet.  As they finish each row, they need to click on the Increase Depth link on the bottom right side of the screen to check their work. Students may need scrap paper to complete some of the larger number addition.     (Note: If you want to assess work before students check it on the Web site, have students complete the worksheet, raise their hands, and you can spot-check it before students are permitted to check work on the Web site.) Post Viewing Activity Discuss any additional patterns students noticed while doing this activity. Wrap Up Have students discuss, in their groups, how this pattern differs from other patterns they have worked with before. Student Directions: Have you ever wondered if patterns can go in different directions and change as they go? In this activity, you will be exploring Pascal's Triangle to see if you can locate a pattern. Once you have located this pattern, you will be extending it and checking your work as you go. 11.5.1 (4-5)   Maryland State Indicators 11.5.1 In order to make mathematical connections, students will be able to: -identify and use the relationships among mathematical concepts as a basis for learning additional concepts (MLO 5.21, SFS 1.3) -identify the relationships among graphical, numerical, physical, and algebraic mathematical models and concepts (MLO 5.22, SFS 1.32) -identify mathematical concepts and processes as they apply to other content areas (MLO 5.23, SFS 1.3) -move beyond a particular problem by making general conclusions, summary statements and posing new, related questions and comments (SFS 1.3) -use mathematical concepts and processes to translate personal experiences into mathematical language (MLO 5.24) -identify the contributions of men and women of diverse cultures to the development, understanding, and application of mathematical concepts and processes Knowledge of Algebra, Patterns and Functions (4-5) Maryland Content Standards Students will algebraically represent, model, analyze, and solve mathematical and real-world problems involving patterns and functional relationships. Maryland State Indicators 1.5.1 recognize, describe, and extend patterns and functional relationships analyze patterns and generalize rules illustrated in the patterns. (MLO 1.1.) write the rule for a given function (one step) table (MLO 1.2.) The Students will: Identify and extend patterns in Pascal's Triangle. Crayons, markers, or colored pencils Minimum of one computer with Internet access and projection device Overhead projector (optional) Directions: To begin, download the Fill in Pascal's Blanks worksheet. When your teacher directs you to do so, open the Coloring Multiples in Pascal's Triangle Web site. Fill in the portion of the triangle that is showing on the Web site. Once you have the top six rows filled, see if you can fill in the next row. When you have the next row completed, click on the Increase Depth link to see if you are correct. If you are correct, continue. Make sure to fill in one row at a time and use the Increase Depth link to check your work. If at any time, your answer is incorrect, go back and try again to see where you made your mistake. Complete this worksheet. Fill in Pascal's Blanks worksheet  (View) Coloring Multiples in Pascal's Triangle This site features an activity where patterns are discovered using Pascal's Triangle.   http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/activities/pascal1/   Have you ever wondered if patterns can go in different directions and change as they go? Activity Signature Author: Kimberly Eubanks Modified by: Amy Whitney Program: Maryland Digital Schools Author's School System: Howard County Public Schools Author's School: Dasher Green Elementary