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Lesson Plan


		Lesson Information


		Outcomes and Standards
		Objectives
		Assessment


		Resources
		Materials
		Vocabulary
		Procedures
		Day Plans
		Enrichment Options


		Teacher Reflection

Stage 1
Identify Desired Results

Catchy Title: The Promise of Microarray Technology in Medicine
Theme/Topic of Lesson: The Application of Mircoarray Technology in the Study of Environmental Health Problems
Time Commitment: Three 88-minute Periods
Subject Area(s):
    Educational Technology - Integrating technology into the classroom
    Science - Biology
    Science - Chemistry
    Science - Environmental
Grade Level(s): 9,10,11,12
Standards Alignment:
Class Challenge Question: What are some of the applications of microarray technology to environmental health concerns. How can these technologies be applied to furthering our understanding of celluar mutations?
Overview:
The potential medical applications of microarrays have generated much excitement, and some skepticism, within the biomedical community. Some researchers have suggested that within the decade microarrays will be routinely used in the selection, assessment, and quality control of the best drugs for pharmaceutical development, as well as for disease diagnosis and for monitoring desired and adverse outcomes of therapeutic interventions. Realizing this potential will be a challenge for the whole scientific community, as breakthroughs that show great promise at the bench often fail to meet the requirements of clinicians and regulatory scientists.

Stage 2
Determine Acceptable Evidence

Environmental Science (9-12)	Maryland Content Standards Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the interactions of environmental factors (living and non-living) and analyze their impact from a local to a global perspective.	Maryland State Indicators 6.12.5 investigate and analyze environmental issues from local to global perspectives (e.g., world population, food production and distribution, pollution and epidemics, biodiversity) to develop an action project that protects, sustains, or enhances the natural environment. The student will identify an environmental issue and formulate related research questions. (CLG 6.4.1.) The student will design and conduct the research. (CLG 6.4.2.) The student will interpret findings to form conclusions and make recommendations to help resolve the issue. (CLG 6.4.3.) The student will apply the conclusions to develop and implement an action project.(CLG 6.4.4.) The student will analyze the effectiveness of the action project in terms of achieving the desired outcomes. (CLG 6.4.5.)
Social, ethical, and human issues (Gr. 9-12)	ISTE Technology Standards 2. Social, ethical, and human issues Students understand the ethical, cultural, and societal issues related to technology. Students practice responsible use of technology systems, information, and software. Students develop positive attitudes toward technology uses that support lifelong learning, collaboration, personal pursuits, and productivity.	ISTE Technology Performance Indicators Identify capabilities Identify capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.
Technology research tools (Gr. 9-12)	ISTE Technology Standards 5. Technology research tools Students use technology to locate, evaluate, and collect information from a variety of sources. Students use technology tools to process data and report results. Students evaluate and select new information resources and technological innovations based on the appropriateness for specific tasks.	ISTE Technology Performance Indicators Routinely and efficiently Routinely and efficiently use online information resources to meet needs for collaboration, research, publications, communications, and productivity.
Technology research tools (Gr. 9-12)	ISTE Technology Standards 5. Technology research tools Students use technology to locate, evaluate, and collect information from a variety of sources. Students use technology tools to process data and report results. Students evaluate and select new information resources and technological innovations based on the appropriateness for specific tasks.	ISTE Technology Performance Indicators Investigate and apply Investigate and apply expert systems, intelligent agents, and simulations in real-world situations.
Life Science (9-12)	Maryland Content Standards Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the dynamic nature of living things, their interactions, and the results from the interactions that occur over time.	Maryland State Indicators 3.12.4 explain how traits are inherited and passed from one generation to the next (i.e., from parental DNA, RNA to gross anatomical traits of offspring). The student will demonstrate that the sorting and recombination of genes during sexual reproduction has an effect on variation in offspring (meiosis, fertilization). (CLG 3.3.1.) The student will illustrate and explain how expressed traits are passed from parent to offspring (phenotypes, dominant and recessive traits, sex-linked traits, genotypes, punnett square). (CLG 3.3.2.) The student will explain how a genetic trait is determined by the code in a DNA molecule (definition of gene, structure of DNA, sequence of bases directing protein formation, proteins). (CLG 3.3.3.) The student will describe the effect of gene alteration on an organism and/or a population (mutations, chromosome number, cloning, genetic recombination). (CLG 3.3.4.)
Life Science (9-12)	Maryland Content Standards Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the dynamic nature of living things, their interactions, and the results from the interactions that occur over time.	Maryland State Indicators 3.12.3 describe the abnormal functioning in cell regulation, such as cancer, as it relates to cell growth, division, and response to environment.
Basic operations and concepts (Gr. K-2)	ISTE Technology Standards 1. Basic operations and concepts Students demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature and operation of technology systems. Students are proficient in the use of technology.	ISTE Technology Performance Indicators Use a variety of media Use a variety of media and technology resources for directed and independent learning activities.
Basic operations and concepts (Gr. K-2)	ISTE Technology Standards 1. Basic operations and concepts Students demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature and operation of technology systems. Students are proficient in the use of technology.	ISTE Technology Performance Indicators Communicate about technol Communicate about technology using developmentally appropriate and accurate terminology.
Basic operations and concepts (Gr. K-2)	ISTE Technology Standards 1. Basic operations and concepts Students demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature and operation of technology systems. Students are proficient in the use of technology.	ISTE Technology Performance Indicators Use developmentally appro Use developmentally appropriate multimedia resources (e.g., interactive books, educational software, elementary multimedia encyclopedias) to support learning.
Basic operations and concepts (Gr. K-2)	ISTE Technology Standards 1. Basic operations and concepts Students demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature and operation of technology systems. Students are proficient in the use of technology.	ISTE Technology Performance Indicators Use input devices Use input devices (e.g., mouse, keyboard, remote control) and output devices (e.g., monitor, printer) to successfully operate computers, VCR’s, audiotapes, and other technologies.
Technology communication tools (Gr. 9-12)	ISTE Technology Standards 4. Technology communication tools Students use telecommunications to collaborate, publish, and interact with peers, experts, and other audiences. Students use a variety of media and formats to communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences.	ISTE Technology Performance Indicators Select and apply technolo Select and apply technology tools for research, information analysis, problem-solving, and decision-making in content learning.
Technology communication tools (Gr. 9-12)	ISTE Technology Standards 4. Technology communication tools Students use telecommunications to collaborate, publish, and interact with peers, experts, and other audiences. Students use a variety of media and formats to communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences.	ISTE Technology Performance Indicators Routinely and efficiently Routinely and efficiently use online information resources to meet needs for collaboration, research, publications, communications, and productivity.

Learning Objectives:

The Students will:

become well versed in some of the details of microarray technology and its application.
understand how the use of microarrays will allow the individualization of medical treatments for disease.
identify some of the diseases that may be treatable through the use of microarrays.

Assessment
At the end of the activity students will required to construct a PowerPoint prresntation which will demonstrate their understanding of the use of microarrays in fighting disease. This project will be scored using the rubic found at http://www.lausd.k12.ca.us/Blend_School/itcould/PowerEval.htm. Teachers will have the option of printing out the Web Quest for evaluation of the student responses to the questions included in the document.

Stage 3
Plan Learning Experiences

Resources

Internet Sites	The Promise of MicroArrays in Environmental Medicine This is the WebQuest that will guide students through the lesson.
	http://www.fastol.com/~renkwitz/the_promise.htm
	Environmental Health Persepectives This is a monthly journal of peer-reviewed research and news on the impact of the environment on human health.
	http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/txg/docs/2004/112-4/nct.html
	DNA microarrays in medical practice The site is a clinical review of microarray use in medicine.
	http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/323/7313/611
	PowerPoint Rubric This is the evaluation criteria used for the final PowerPoint presentation.
	http://www.lausd.k12.ca.us/Blend_School/itcould/PowerEval.htm
	Nature Genetics Medical applications of microarray technologies: a regulatory science perspective The site is a perspective on the use of microarrays in medicine.
	http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v32/n4s/full/ng1029.html
	Medical This is an articles that addresses how medical treatments amy be tailored to each person's unique genetic make-up and medical condition.
	http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=23234
	Merck - Featured Stories This site shwws how researchers can use small but powerful "DNA Chips" to predict which breast cancer patients need aggressive treatments.
	http://www.merck.com/about/feature_story/12092002_dna_chips.html
	OhioHealth - Skin Cancer The site is an introduction to skin cancer.
	http://ohiohealth.cancersource.com/LearnAboutCancer/detail_frame.cfm?DiseaseID=8&subjectID=1&TypeID=2
	OhioHealth This site is an introduction of the genetics behind colon cancer.
	http://www.ohiohealth.com/healthreference/reference/2BF3382A-7E4A-4E2C-A4EB121130B93FEA.htm
	OhioHealth - Diabetes This site is an introduction to Type 1 Diabetes.
	http://www.ohiohealth.com/healthreference/reference/91E57DE9-7D24-4152-90B41D26B948426A.htm
	OhioHealth - Ovarian Cancer This site introduces genetic testing for ovarian and breast cancer.
	http://www.ohiohealth.com/healthreference/reference/015A9CD3-3654-4EE8-B8AA87FC0323F818.htm
	OhioHealth - Cancer This is an introduction for the treatments for Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
	http://ohiohealth.cancersource.com/pdqindex/detail_frame.cfm?DiseaseID=12&ContentID=15926
	OhioHealth - Cancer This is an introduction for the treatments for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
	http://ohiohealth.cancersource.com/pdqindex/detail_frame.cfm?DiseaseID=12&ContentID=15925
	OhioHealth - Alzheimer's Disease This is an introduction for the treatments for Alzheimer's Disease.
	http://www.ohiohealth.com/healthreference/reference/B07C9803-F749-40F5-BFA9B3F14D1E94D0.htm
	OhioHealth - Alheimer's Disease Genetics This is an introduction for the genetics behind Alzheimer's Disease.
	http://www.ohiohealth.com/healthreference/reference/873272D6-E45B-47B7-91D6C976224FD9C5.htm

Materials

Per class
Printer networked to all computers being used.
Per student team/group of 2
Computer connected to Internet with Microsoft Word, and Internet Explorer with lesson Web Quest bookmarked

Vocabulary

DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid. One of two types of molecules that encode genetic information
Gene expression - the term used to describe the transcription of the information contained within the DNA, the repository of genetic information, into messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules that are then translated into the proteins that perform most of the critical functions of cells
genome - The total genetic information of a particular organism. The normal human genome consists of 3 billion base pairs of DNA in each set of 23 chromosomes from one parent.
microarray - a tool for analyzing gene expression that consists of a small membrane or glass slide containing samples of many genes arranged in a regular pattern
Mutation - A permanent change, a structural alteration, in the DNA or RNA
nucleotides - A subunit of DNA or RNA. To form a DNA or RNA molecule, thousands of nucleotides are joined in a long chain
Sequencing - Learning the order of nucleotides (base sequences) in a DNA or RNA molecule or the order of amino acids in a protein
toxicogenomics - the study of the relationship between the structure and activity of the genome (the cellular complement of genes) and the adverse biological effects of exogenous agents

Procedures

The students will construct meaning through using the text features supplied through the medium of the lesson's Internet-based WebQuest. Students will maximize learning through cooperative interaction. Student will be expected to work in teacher-selected collaborative pairs. The technology configuration will be one connected computer per student collaborative team of two. Teacher may have to reserve a computer lab for this lesson's activities. Oral reading accommodations should be provided for those not meeting grade level criteria by the instructor or the special education department.

1: Microarrays The Promise
Daily Challenge Question: What is the promise of microarray technology in medicine?
88 minutes

Set-up Directions:
Students should be organized by the teacher into their cooperative groups of 2, based on computer skills, and assigned a computer. Each Internet-ready computer should be addressed to the proper URL:

Teacher Presentation & Motivation:
This presentation is meant to be an introduction to how microarrays may be used in the treatments of various diseases. The potential is there to create individual biochemical and genetic profiles for people that will allow for customized medical treatments.

Wrap Up:
Have students save their work and shut down the computers. Elicit student comments and thoughts about what they have discovered so far from research through the WebQuest.

Day 2: Microarrays - PowerPoint
Daily Challenge Question: How can microarrays be used to treat disease?
2+

Set-up Directions:
Students should be organized by the teacher into their cooperative groups of 2, based on computer skills, and assigned a computer. Each Internet-ready computer should be addressed to the proper URL:

Teacher Presentation & Motivation:
This project is to allow students to demonstrate what they have learn during the previous day's activity. The PowerPoint will be developed by each group and can then be shared with each other to reinforce learning.

Wrap Up:
Students should save their presentation each day and print handouts when completed. In class presentations can be done at the instructor's disgression.

Enrichment Options

Community Connection
Upon completion of the individual group PowerPoints, a class WebPage could be constructed taking parts from each. This page could then be posted on the school Webserver to be shared with the community.

Parent-Home Connection
The WebQuest is available on the Internet and could be worked through by both students and their parents at home, heightening the awareness on microarray technology.

Cross-Curricular Extensions
History/English - Students could do reports (written or oral) on the scienctist responsible for the advances in the field.

Stage 4
Teacher Reflection

As a reflective practitioner, note how this lesson could be adjusted after its initial implementation. How successful were the students? What did the assessment demonstrate about the students’ learning? What skills do the students need to revisit? What instructional strategies worked and what made them successful? What will you change the next time you use this lesson? Why?

Author: Arthur Renkwitz and Doug Becker
Program: EnviroHealthLink
Author's School System: Dorchester County Public Schools
Author's School: Cambridge-South Dorchester High